| Source | Example | Key |
| Book, one author | Jack Kerouac, The Dharma Bums (New York: Viking Press, 1958), 128. | First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number. |
| Book, two or more authors (listed as they appear as authors), not necessarily in alpha-order) | Scott Lash and John Urry, Economies of Signs & Space (London: Sage Publications, 1994), 241-51. | Author First Name Last Name, First Name Last Name additional author, and First Name Last Name additional author. Book Title in Italics (City of Publication: Publisher, year), pages. |
| Chapter from a book with an editor | Muriel Harris, “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers,” in A Tutor's Guide: Helping Writers One to One, ed. Ben Rafoth (New Hampshire: Heinemann, 2000), 24-34. | Author First Name Last Name, "Chapter title." In Book Title in Italics, ed. Editor First Name Last Name (City of Publication: Publisher, year), pages. |
| eBook online | Donald Davidson, Essays on Actions and Events (Oxford: Clarendon, 2001), https://bibliotecamathom.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/essays-on-actions-and-events.pdf. | Author First Name, Last Name. Book Title in Italics (City of Publication: Publisher, year), Web address of book location. |
| eBook found in library database | Will Beene, Climate Change and Birds (London: Crown Publishing, 2018), 118, EBSCO eBook Collection. |
First Name Last Name, Title of E-book: Subtitle if Any (Publisher, Year), page number, Database Name. |
| eBook for a device | Anthony Weston, A Rulebook for Arguments, 4th ed. (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2010), Kindle. | Author First Name Last Name, Book Title in Italic( City of Publication: Publisher, year), Device. |
| Note: Accessed dates for journal articles are no longer required by Chicago Manual of Style, but it is highly recommended you check with your instructor to see if you should still include an access date in your citation. | ||
| Source | Example | Key |
| Journal Article | Susan Peck MacDonald, “The Erasure of Language,” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007): 619. | Author First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Journal Title Volume number, issue number (Publication Month or Season and Year): page numbers. |
| Journal Article with a DOI (library database or website) | Amiel A. Dror, “Pre-Infection 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels and Association with Severity of COVID-19 Illness,” PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): 4–5, e0263069,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263069. | Author First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Journal Title Volume number, issue number (Publication Month or Season and Year): page numbers, DOI number. |
| Journal Article with Stable URL | Henry E. Bent, “Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree,” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007): 141, accessed December 4, 2017, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1978286. | Author First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Journal Title Volume number, issue number (Publication Month or Season and Year): page numbers, accessed date, URL |
| Journal article without a DOI (library database or website) |
John Smith, "The History of Citation Practices," Journal of Academic Research 22, no. 3 (2020): 45, JSTOR. |
Author's First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Journal Title Volume, no. Issue (Year): Page number [or page range], Database Name. |
| Source | Example | Key |
| Found in Print | Nisha Deo, “Visiting Professor Lectures on Photographer,” Exponent (West Lafayette, IN), Feb. 13, 2009. | Author First Name, Last Name, "Article title in quotes." Newspaper name in italics (Publication city and state), Date. |
| Found on Website | Michel Marriott, "Playing Games Gets Serious (and Painful)," New York Times, May 31, 2001, https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/31/technology/playing-games-gets-serious-and-painful.html. | Author First Name, Last Name, "Article title in quotes." Newspaper name in italics, Date, URL. |
| Found in Database |
"The Crisis," Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, VA), July 21, 1774, ProQuest Historical Newspapers. |
Author First Name Last Name, "Article Title," Newspaper Title (City, State), Month Day, Year, Database Name. |
| Note: use "accessed date" if you cannot determine when a website was created or last revised. | ||
| Source | Example | Key |
| Content with Author Name |
Trey Smith, "Coding," Learn to Code, Coding Education, Last modified October 14, 2018, http://www.learntocode.com/coding. |
Firstname Lastname, “Title of Web Page,” Name of Website, Publishing Organization, publication or revision date if available, access date if no other date is available, URL. |
| Content without Author Name | "About Lone Star College: Fast Facts." Lone Star College. Accessed July 17, 2019. http://www.lonestar.edu/about-us-institutional-research.htm. | "Page or Article Title." Website name. Accessed date. Web address. |
| Video Content | Clint Smith, "The Danger of Silence," video, filmed July 2014 at TED@NYC, posted August 2014, TEDTALKS, 4:11, https://www.ted.com/talks/clint_smith_the_danger_of_silence. | Author First Name Last Name, "Title of Video," description of content, publication date, Name of Website, run time, URL. |
| Source | Example | Key |
| Found in Print | Emily Macel, “Beijing’s Modern Movement,” Dance Magazine, February 2009, 35. | Author First Name Last Name, "Article title in quotes," Magazine name in italics, Date, pages. |
| Found on Website |
Vince Neil, "History of Football," Texas Monthly, July 22, 2019, http://www.texasmonthly.com/history-of-football. |
Author First Name Last Name, "Article title in quotes," Magazine name in italics, Date, Web address of article location. |
| Found in Database |
Tom Lee, "Drumming for a Cause," Modern Drummer Magazine, February 1999. Project MUSE. |
Author First Name Last Name, "Article title in quotes," Magazine name in italics, Date, Database name. |
A Note, or footnote, is a representation of the source that you used to create your paper or assignment. A note will appear in the text where you used a sources, and it acts as a signal to let your audience (your instructor, peers, or other researchers) know:
A superscript number, or a number that appears just above the line of text in a document, will have a corresponding number followed by the source in the bottom, or the foot, of the document. This is why they are sometimes called footnotes.
The Bibliography is the listing of all of sources used to create a paper, assignment, article, presentation, etc. Each source that appears in the main body of an article or paper must be listed in the Bibliography.
The reason it is important to know the difference between Notes and the Bibliography is that the sources may be formatted differently under the rules of Chicago Style. The reason why is because the Notes and Bibliography serve different purposes: