MLA9 uses Core Elements to create citations. Fill in the information needed for your material, and leave unnecessary fields blank.
| Source | Example | Key |
| A book |
Grant, Adam. Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World. Viking, 2016. |
Author Last name, First name. Book title. Publisher, Year of publication. |
| A book with two authors | Brown, Nathan, and Sheryle A. Proper. The Everything Paying for College Book. Adams Media, 2005. | Author last name, First name and Author First name Last name. Book title. Publisher, Year of publication. |
| A book collection of essays of readings | Chan, Janet. "Changing Police Culture." Policing: Key Readings, edited by Tim Newburn, Willan, 2005, pp. 338‐63. | Author last name, First name. "Title of Essay or Reading." Book title, edited by Editor First name Last name, Publisher, Year of publication, Essay Page numbers. |
| An article in a reference book (like a dictionary or encyclopedia) with no author | “Onomatopoeia.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1992, p. 1265. | "Article title." Book title, edition number, Publisher, Year of publication, Essay Page number. |
| An article in a multi-volume, edited reference book | “Stepmothers.” The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales, edited by Donald Haase, vol. 3, Greenwood Press, 2008. | "Article title." Book title, edited by Editor First name Last name, Volume number, Publisher, Year of publication, Article Page number. |
| A book with a corporate author | American Heart Association. The New American Heart Association Cookbook, 8th ed., Clarkson Potter, 2010. | Company name. Book title, edition number, Publisher, Year of publication, Essay Page number. |
| A government publication | United States, Department of State, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of Global Change. National Action Plan for Global Climate Change. Government Printing Office, 1992. | Government entity. Book title. Publisher, Year of publication. |
| A book article in a multivolume anthology from a database |
James, Ferguson. "Patterns." Short Story Criticism, edited by Jelen O. Kstovic, vol. 92, Gale, 2006, pp. 50-83. Literature Resource Center, go.galegroup.com.lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/psi/i.do
|
Author. Article Title. Book title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, volume number, Publisher, Year, page numbers. Database title, location - URL. |
| Source | Example | Key |
| A journal article |
June, Pamela B. “Alice Walker on Ecofeminist Issues in Her Fiction: An Interview.” Women's Studies, vol. 44, no. 1, 2015, pp. 99-116. |
Author last name, First name. "Title of Article." Container 1 - Title of Journal, Volume, Issue, Year, Pages. |
| Journal article with a DOI (library database or website) | June, Pamela B. “Alice Walker on Ecofeminist Issues in Her Fiction: An Interview.” Women's Studies, vol. 44, no. 1, 2015, pp. 99-116. Academic Search Complete, doi:10.1080/00497878.2014.971219. | Author last name, First name Middle initial. "Article title." Container 1 - Journal Title, Volume, Issue, Year, Page numbers. Container 2 - Name of database, doi: doi number. |
| Journal article without a DOI (library database or website) | Raposo, Sarah and Laura L. Carstensen. “Developing a Research Agenda to Combat Ageism.” Generations: The Journal of the American Society on Aging, vol. 39, no. 3, Fall 2015, pp. 79-85. Academic Search Complete, lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/ login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cpid&custid= s1088435&db=a9h&AN=112207270&site=ehost-live. | Author last name, First name Middle initial. "Article title." Container 1 - Journal Title, Volume, Issue, Year, Page numbers. Container 2 - Name of database, Location - web address of the article. |
| Source | Example | Key |
| A magazine article |
Clemmitt, Marcia. "Student Aid." CQ Researcher, 25 Jan. 2008, pp. 73-96. |
Author last name, First name. "Title of Article." Container 1 - Title of Magazine, Day Month Year, Pages. |
| A magazine article from a website or database | Clemmitt, Marcia. "Student Aid." CQ Researcher, 25 Jan. 2008, pp. 73-96. CQ Researcher Online, library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2008012500. | Author last name, First name. "Title of Article." Container 1 - Title of Magazine, Day Month Year, Pages. Container 2 - Name of Website or Database, Location - web address. |
| Source | Example | Key |
| A newspaper article |
Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured Patients." Washington Post, 24 May 2007, p. LZ01. |
Author last name, First name. "Title of Article." Container 1 - Title of Newspaper, Day Month Year, Pages. |
| A newspaper article from a website or database | Perlmutter, David D. "No Television? Get Real." Christian Science Monitor, 27 June 2001, p. 21. Newspaper Source, lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cpid&custid=s1088435&db=nfh&AN=4697444&sit e=ehost-live. | Author last name, First name. "Title of Article." Container 1 - Title of Newspaper, Day Month Year, Pages. Container 2 - Name of Website or Database, Location - web address. |
| Source | Example | Key |
| A web page (with no author) |
“Global Child Health: Vaccine Safety.” American Academy of Pediatrics, Jan. 2015, www2.aap.org/international/immunization/pdf/IssueBrief_VaccineSafety_Jan2015.pdf. |
"Web Page." Container – Title of Web Site, Month Year, Location – URL (omit “http://”). |
| A tweet |
@tombrokaw. “SC demonstrated why all the debates are the engines of this campaign.” Twitter, 22 Jan. 2012, 3:06 a.m., twitter.com/tombrokaw/status/160996868971704320. |
Username, "Full text of Tweet." Twitter, Day Month Year, Timestamp, Location - URL (omit “http://”). |
| An image on a website | Duccio. Crucifixion. 1311, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena. Oxford Art Online, www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/img/grove/art/F015008. Accessed 22 May 2016. | Artists name. Title of Work. Date of creation, Institution and city where the work is physically located. Name of Webpage, Location - URL, Date accessed. |
| An email |
Hoya, Billy. “Accessing Trial Databases.” Received by Megan Hopwood, 10 Jan. 2019. |
Sender's Last name, First name. "Subject." Received by First name Last name, Day Month Year. |
| A blog post | Kelly, Mary. "Cats Again." Awful Library Books, 27 Mar. 2019, awfullibrarybooks.net/cats-again/. | Last name, first name (or Username is real name is unavailable). "Blog/Post Title." Container - Web Site, Day Month Year, Location - URL (omit “http://”). |
| A YouTube video |
“Monster Factory: The Boy-Mayor of Second Life.” YouTube, uploaded by Polygon, 11 Sept. 2015, youtu.be/8-3jDVTLdaQ. |
"Title of Video." YouTube, ploaded by Username, Day Month Year, Location - URL (omit “http://”). |
| Source | Example | Key | |
| A television show |
Veronica Mars. Created by Rob Thomas, performance by Kristen Bell. Silver Pictures Television, 2004-2007. |
Television Show Title. Created by First name Last name, performance by Lead actor/actress First name Last name, Studio or distributor, Year(s) released. | |
| A film on a streaming service | Coraline. Directed by Henry Selick, screenplay by Henry Selick and Neil Gaiman, Laika, 2009. Netflix. | Movie Title. Contributors. Studio or distributor, Year. Name of Streaming Service. | |
| An episode of a television show | "Hush." Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Created by Joss Whedon, performance by Sarah Michelle Gellar, season 4, episode 10, Mutant Enemy, 1999. | "Episode Title." Television Show Title. Created by First name Last name, performance by Lead actor/actress First name Last name, Season number, Episode number, Studio or distributor, Year released. | |
| Music Recording (from a streaming service) |
Rae Morris. “Skin.” Cold, Atlantic Records, 2014. Spotify, open.spotify.com/track/0OPES3Tw5r86O6fudK8gxi. |
Artist name. "Title of song." Title of Album, Recording Label, Year. Service, Location - URL. | |
| Music Recording (from a webpage) |
Beyoncé. “Pray You Catch Me.” Lemonade, Parkwood Entertainment, 2016, www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/. |
Artist name. "Title of song." Title of Album, Recording Label, Year, Location - URL. | |
| Podcast | Fink, Joseph and Jeffrey Cranor. "Summer Reading Program." Welcome to Night Vale, performance by Cecil Baldwin, episode 24, Night Vale Presents, 1 Aug. 2013, www.welcometonightvale.com/. | Last name, First name of the creator. “Title of episode.” Title of the Podcast, role of contributors and their First name Last name, Episode number, Publisher, Publication date, URL. | |
| A Personal Interview | Doe, John. Personal Interview. 12 Apr. 2019. | Last name, First name of person being interviewed. Personal Interview. Day Month Year of interview. | |
| An Email | Smith, John. "Re: Mechanic Career Information." Received by Norma Drepaul, 11 Feb. 2013. | Author. Title of source (email subject line). Recipient, Date. | |